I don't think it is really possible, sounds like you have a compact type alternator fitted, 4 wire plug and a bigger (red) positive lead, you proberly could fit it and be able to charge a battery, but I dont think it is possible to get battary light to go out on dash, probley better fitting like for like.

try wiggiling gear stick, proberly first thing you did, may have a switch on it, or on gear box proberly under battary look for a plug with 2 wires should be were gear selector is, check connection, if got 2 wires you can try bridgeing plug wires as it only completes a circuit. failing that trip to garage, I dont think on own singal fuse, anything else stopped working, fog lights, stop lights.

I think yes, seen some with 170+k on clock, as long as never over heated an well maintained, look for signs of rusty colour in coolant header tank. chassis area and on the engine it's self

do a google search. m25 2sw. is post code for heaton park tram ways.

depends on age of car, first you check oil level, if ok check colour as most use atf an that red in colour if yours is blackish type colour could be serious as torque convertors can were out, could also be a electical issue, best of luck.

may not have fuse, most run through a relay, if not working on any speed or no noise heard possibly the motor has failed?

could need a service or re-gas system, will need to take to a/c speicalist for this. Some times you can here the compressor engauge when switching on, maybe check if your car has a polan filter fitted, some times theese can block an cause weak reciculation problems