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Irony (from Ancient Greek ε?ρωνε?α (eir?neía), meaning "dissimulation, feigned ignorance"^[1]), in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event characterized by an incongruity, or contrast, between what the expectations of a situation are and what is really the case, with a third element, that defines that what is really the case is ironic because of the situation that led to it. Irony may be divided into categories such as: verbal, dramatic, and situational.

Verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize one's meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection.^[2]

Other forms, as identified by historian Connop Thirlwall, include dialectic and practical irony.

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Examples of irony in the situational category include a contradiction or sharp contrast. 

• Example: A person who claims to be a vegan and avoids meat but will eat a slice of pepperoni pizza because they are hungry. It may not make sense, but it is an illustration of irony.


• Example: A man who is a traffic cop gets his license suspended for unpaid parking tickets.


• Example: An ambulance driver goes to a nightime bike accident scene and runs over the accident victim because the victim has crawled to the center of the road with their bike.

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