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psychology |s??käl?j?|
noun
the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, esp. those affecting behavior in a given context.
• [ in sing. ] the mental characteristics or attitude of a person or group: the psychology of Americans in the 1920s.
• [ in sing. ] the mental and emotional factors governing a situation or activity: the psychology of interpersonal relationships.
ORIGIN late 17th cent.: from modern Latin psychologia (see psycho-,-logy) .

philosophy |f??läs?f?|
noun ( pl. philosophies )
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, esp. when considered as an academic discipline. See also natural philosophy.
• a set of views and theories of a particular philosopher concerning such study or an aspect of it: Schopenhauer’s philosophy.
• the study of the theoretical basis of a particular branch of knowledge or experience: the philosophy of science.
• a theory or attitude held by a person or organization that acts as a guiding principle for behavior: don't expect anything and you won't be disappointed, that's my philosophy.
ORIGIN Middle English: from Old French philosophie, via Latin from Greek philosophia ‘love of wisdom.’

existentialism |?egzi?stenCH??liz?m|
noun
a philosophical theory or approach that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will.
Generally taken to originate with Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, existentialism tends to be atheistic (although there is a strand of Christian existentialism deriving from the work of Kierkegaard), to disparage scientific knowledge, and to deny the existence of objective values, stressing instead the reality and significance of human freedom and experience. The approach was developed chiefly in 20th-century Europe, notably by Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, and Simone de Beauvoir.
DERIVATIVES
existentialist noun& adjective
ORIGIN translating Danish existents-forhold ‘condition of existence’ (frequently used by Kierkegaard), from existential.