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Causes of white smoke 

Air Filter Issues
If the mower was tipped or left out in the weather, the air filter may be clogged, causing it to pull oil from the crankcase into the cylinder and then into the muffler, according to small engine repairman Chuck Kichline. An air filter should be cleaned frequently by soaking it in a bowl full of warm, soapy water, rinsing it out and replacing it. The mower will often work much better after the filter has been cleaned.

Mower Oil
Check the oil level. Sometimes too much oil in the mower can cause white smoke to blow out of the exhaust. Changing the oil in the mower can also improve performance. It is possible that gas contaminated your crankcase oil and you will need to change it to get it clean again. If you poured a little gas into the crankcase when filling up, it's likely that after a few minutes it will dry and be fine. However, if you spilled a lot, you should drain the mower and refill it.

Spark Plugs
If the mower was tipped and you had to replace the air filter, it's possible the spark plug was also injured. When a spark plug is maladjusted or clogged with burnt oil or other crud (often from a clogged air filter), it can be impossible to start the engine. If you do get it started, smoke or other exhaust issues can occur. A spark plug can be cleaned with a wire brush and a little carb cleaner. However, replacing the spark plug is the best way to ensure a proper spark.

Carburetor Adjustments
If you suspect that the carburetor is not adjusted properly, or that one of the floats is leaking, you should take it apart and clean it thoroughly. Often, a carburetor will get clogged and dirty, especially if the air filter is clogged. Sometimes this problem can lead to one of the floats leaking or the needle seat going bad. A small engine repair person can help you determine if your carburetor needs more than just a thorough cleaning.

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