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An endemic species is an animal or plant species whose habitat is restricted to a particular area or space on the globe. This general term is used for a range of creatures including mammal species, reptile species, bird species and insect species. Details on an endemic species may be different depending on what kind of animal or plant is being referenced. Generally, an endemic species is a focus point for helping to protect biodiversity in a given environment.

Scientists who are researching endemic species are involved in what’s called zoogeography. The study of an endemic species involves different zoogeographical zones that make up the habitat for different ranges of species. Looking at zoogeography helps biologists to decipher the past of a type of animal or plant, and predict its future.

When it comes to birds, which are less land-bound than mammals or other animals, biologists might use slightly different terms to talk about what habitats a bird is “endemic” to. Bird experts talk about Endemic Bird Areas or EBAs that represent the total habitat for a bird species. An EBA may include temporary habitats or regions for a bird, as migration patterns broaden the spaces that bird types live in.

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