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A caveman is a popular stylized characterization of what early humans or hominids may have looked and behaved like. The term is sometimes used colloquially to refer to Neanderthals, Cro-Magnon, or Homo sapiens of the Palaeolithic era.

The first proto-Neanderthal traits appear in Europe as early as 350,000 years ago [1], by 130,000 years ago, full blown Neanderthal characteristics had appeared and by 50,000 years ago, Neanderthals disappeared from Europe, although they continued in Asia to 30,000 years ago.

The Cro-Magnons form the earliest known European examples of Homo sapiens, from ca. 40,000 years ago, descending from Y haplogroup F / mt haplogroup N populations of the Middle East.

The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic was the first period in the development of human technology of the Stone Age. It began with the introduction of the first stone tools by hominids such as Homo habilis (around 2,000,000 years ago) and lasted until the introduction of agriculture. It ended with the Mesolithic, or in areas with an early neolithisation, the Epipaleolithi.

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